KUSUMA , Arie Purwa; KURNIASARI RAHMAWATI , Nurina. Toxic language detection on social media: a critical linguistic approach to online hate speech. Journal of Life-Span Psychology, Linguistics, and Media Studies, [S. l.], v. 1, n. 01, p. 31 – 41, 2025. DOI: 10.64268/jllm.v1i01.4. Disponível em: https://www.jllm.spdfharmony.com/index.php/jllm/article/view/4. Acesso em: 29 dec. 2025.